A quantum computer harnesses some of the almost mystical phenomena of quantum mechanics to deliver huge leaps forward in processing power.
Quantum machines promises to outstrip even the most capable of today's and tomorrow's super computers.
The aim of quantum computers is not to wipe off the face of conventional computers but for problems above a certain size and complexity, we don't have enough computational power on earth to tackle them. For this we need a new kind of computing.
Quantum Computing Fundamentals:
Universal quantum computers leverage the quantum mechanical phenomena of superposition and entanglement to create states that scale exponentially with number of qubits or quantum bits.
Current computers manipulate individual bits, which stores information as binary 0 or 1 States. Quantum computer instead rely on qubits.
How to create a Qubit?
One method uses superconductivity to create and maintain a quantum state. To work with this superconducting qubit for extended periods of time, they must be kept very cold. Any heating in the system can induce error, which is why quantum computers operator temperatures close to absolute zero, colder than the vacuum space itself.
Properties like superposition, entanglement and DE coherence of qubits provides quantum supremacy such that a quantum computer reaches a point so that it can complete a mathematical calculation that is beyond the reach of even the most powerful superconductor.
Applications:
One of the most promising applications of them is for simulating the behavior of matter down to the molecular level.
Auto manufacturers like Volkswagen and Daimler are using quantum computers to simulate the chemical composition of electrical vehicle batteries to help find new ways to improve their performances.
Pharmaceutical companies are using it to analyze and compare compounds in order to generate new drugs.
Airbus, for instance, is using them to help calculate the most fuel-efficient ascent and descent paths for aircraft.
It will take a few more years for quantum computers to reach their full dimensions but if it does it can transform entire industries and turbo charge global innovation.
Sources / References [If Any] : Internet